Electricity
Electricity
* The set of phenomena associated with the presence of flow of electrical charge
Electrical Charge
* The property of substomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interations
Static Electricity
* Imbalance of electrical charges within or on the surface of a material
Charged Rod Demo
What happens when a plastic rod is rubbed with silk?
- The negative charges are transferred from the rod to the silk, leaving the rod positively charged
- The positively charged rod attracts the neutral paper pieces
What happens when a plastic rod is rubbed with fur?
- The wool transfers electrons to the rod, giving the rod a negative charge
- The negatively charged rod attracts the positive ends of the water
What happens when a balloon is rubbed in your hair?
- The balloon becomes negatively charged and attracts the postiviely charges aspects of the wall.
** Watch a quick clip
from Family Guy
about static electricity.
What is Voltage?
* Voltage is the type of electrical force that makes electricity move through a wire. We measure voltage in Volts. The larger the voltage, the more current flows through a circuit. The voltage is the potential energy in a circuit.
What is Current?
* Current is the process of the electrons traveling through the wire. It is measure in Amps.
Formulas:
I=q/t q=It t=q/I
I = current (amps)
q = charge in coulombs (c)
t = time (s)
What does a battery do in a circuit?
* A battery adds energy (volts) so that work is done on a charge to move it from one terminal within the battery to the other terminal.
What is Resistance?
* Resistance is the hindrance of the flow of electrical charge (current). Resistors are used to regulate the amount of current that can go into a particular component, which prevents a circuit from overheating.
Formulas:
V=IR I=V/R R=V/I
V = Voltage (V)
I = Current (amps)
R = Resistance (Ohms)
There are 4 factors that affect resistance
There are 3 types of Circuits:
Series Circuit - A circuit with only ONE possible path. One line connects all of the components
Parallel Circuit - A circuit with MORE THAN ONE possible path. There are forks in the road or "rungs of a ladder"
Combination Circuit - A circuit with some series and some parallel components
Conductors- are materials that permit electrons to flow freely from particle to particle
Insulators- are materials that impede the free flow of electrons from atom to atom and molecule to molecule
Example of Solving Resistance in a Series Circuit:
Example of solving resistance in a series circuit:
